Ar-Rum (Arabic: الروم, romanized: ’ar-rūm, lit. 'The Romans') is the 30th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, consisting of 60 verses (āyāt). The term Rūm originated in the word Roman, and during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, it referred to the Eastern Roman Empire; the title is also sometimes translated as "The Greeks" or "The Byzantines.
The surah references the Byzantine-Sasanian War of 602-628 and specifically the Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem in 614. Both sides of that war would later become military opponents of the early Muslims. Within Muhammad's own lifetime, Muslim and Byzantine forces would clash in the earliest battle of the Arab-Byzantine wars, and the Muslim conquest of Persia led to the downfall of the Sasanian Empire by the middle of the 7th century.
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